不管是什么布局,Flex往往都可以几行命令搞定
一、骰子的布局
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下面,就来看看Flex如何实现,从1个点到9个点的布局。你可以到codepen查看Demo。
如果不加说明,本节的HTML模板一律如下。
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| <div class="box">
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
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上面代码中,div元素(代表骰子的一个面)是Flex容器,span元素(代表一个点)是Flex项目。如果有多个项目,就要添加多个span元素,以此类推。
1.1 单项目
首先,只有左上角1个点的情况。Flex布局默认就是首行左对齐,所以一行代码就够了。
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| .box {
display: flex;
}
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设置项目的对齐方式,就能实现居中对齐和右对齐。
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
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设置交叉轴对齐方式,可以垂直移动主轴。
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| .box {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: flex-end;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-items: flex-end;
}
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1.2 双项目
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: flex-end;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: flex-end;
}
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1.3 三项目
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| .box {
display: flex;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
align-self: center;
}
.item:nth-child(3) {
align-self: flex-end;
}
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1.4 四项目
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: flex-end;
align-content: space-between;
}
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HTML代码如下:
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| <div class="box">
<div class="column">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="column">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
</div>
|
css代码如下:
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
.column {
flex-basis: 100%;
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
}
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1.5 六项目
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
flex-wrap: wrap;
align-content: space-between;
}
|
html 代码如下:
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| <div class="box">
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
<div class="row">
<span class="item"></span>
<span class="item"></span>
</div>
</div>
|
css代码如下:
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.row{
flex-basis: 100%;
display:flex;
}
.row:nth-child(2){
justify-content: center;
}
.row:nth-child(3){
justify-content: space-between;
}
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| .box {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
}
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二、网格布局
2.1 基本网格布局
最简单的网格布局,就是平均分布。在容器里面平均分配空间,跟上面的骰子布局很像,但是需要设置项目的自动缩放。
HTML代码如下。
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| <div class="Grid">
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
</div>
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css代码如下:
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| .Grid {
display: flex;
}
.Grid-cell {
flex: 1;
}
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2.2 百分比布局
某个网格的宽度为固定的百分比,其余网格平均分配剩余的空间。
HTML代码如下。
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| <div class="Grid">
<div class="Grid-cell u-1of4">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell">...</div>
<div class="Grid-cell u-1of3">...</div>
</div>
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css代码如下:
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| .Grid {
display: flex;
}
.Grid-cell {
flex: 1;
}
.Grid-cell.u-full {
flex: 0 0 100%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of2 {
flex: 0 0 50%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of3 {
flex: 0 0 33.3333%;
}
.Grid-cell.u-1of4 {
flex: 0 0 25%;
}
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三、圣杯布局
圣杯布局(Holy Grail Layout)指的是一种最常见的网站布局。页面从上到下,分成三个部分:头部(header),躯干(body),尾部(footer)。其中躯干又水平分成三栏,从左到右为:导航、主栏、副栏。
HTML代码如下。
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| <body class="HolyGrail">
<header>...</header>
<div class="HolyGrail-body">
<main class="HolyGrail-content">...</main>
<nav class="HolyGrail-nav">...</nav>
<aside class="HolyGrail-ads">...</aside>
</div>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
|
css代码如下:
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| .HolyGrail {
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
header,
footer {
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-body {
display: flex;
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-content {
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-nav, .HolyGrail-ads {
/* 两个边栏的宽度设为12em */
flex: 0 0 12em;
}
.HolyGrail-nav {
/* 导航放到最左边 */
order: -1;
}
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如果是小屏幕,躯干的三栏自动变为垂直叠加。
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| @media (max-width: 768px) {
.HolyGrail-body {
flex-direction: column;
flex: 1;
}
.HolyGrail-nav,
.HolyGrail-ads,
.HolyGrail-content {
flex: auto;
}
}
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四、输入框的布局
我们常常需要在输入框的前方添加提示,后方添加按钮.
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HTML代码如下。
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| <div class="InputAddOn">
<span class="InputAddOn-item">...</span>
<input class="InputAddOn-field">
<button class="InputAddOn-item">...</button>
</div>
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css代码如下:
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| .InputAddOn {
display: flex;
}
.InputAddOn-field {
flex: 1;
}
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五、悬挂式布局
有时,主栏的左侧或右侧,需要添加一个图片栏。
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HTML代码如下。
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| <div class="Media">
<img class="Media-figure" src="" alt="">
<p class="Media-body">...</p>
</div>
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css代码如下:
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| .Media {
display: flex;
align-items: flex-start;
}
.Media-figure {
margin-right: 1em;
}
.Media-body {
flex: 1;
}
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六、固定的底栏
有时,页面内容太少,无法占满一屏的高度,底栏就会抬高到页面的中间。这时可以采用Flex布局,让底栏总是出现在页面的底部。
HTML代码如下。
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| <body class="Site">
<header>...</header>
<main class="Site-content">...</main>
<footer>...</footer>
</body>
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css代码如下:
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| .Site {
display: flex;
min-height: 100vh;
flex-direction: column;
}
.Site-content {
flex: 1;
}
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七,流式布局
css代码如下:
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| .parent {
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
background-color: black;
display: flex;
flex-flow: row wrap;
align-content: flex-start;
}
.child {
box-sizing: border-box;
background-color: white;
flex: 0 0 25%;
height: 50px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
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转载自:阮一峰Flex 布局教程:实例篇